Compressor apparatus



Jun'e 28 1927. 1,634,062

W. WILSON CMPRES SOR APPARATUS Filedv April 28. 1926 ATroRNEY Patented .lune Z3, 1927.

UNTFIQ STATES WILLIATlI WLSON, O BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

COMPRESSOR APPARATUS.

Application filed April 28, 1926. Serial No. 105,273.

My invention relates to a compressor of the type wherein the'coinpressor piston is operated by a motor through the medium of vreduction gearing, and not exclusively adaptable to household refrigcrating machines. lts object is to provide a practical method of effecting the requirec reduction from motor speed to piston speed, and at the same time of permitting Va duplex arrangement of cylinders in a compact and economical construction. Another object is to prevent the infiltration of oil from the gear ycasing into the cylinder.

The following drawings disclose one of the various mechanical forms that may be embodied in the principle of this invention:

Figure 1 is a front sectional elevation of my invention, showing the gearing, cylinder, and compressing mechanism.

Figure" 2 is a side sectional elevation of such apparatus, illustrating a duplex arrangement of cylinders, one of whichV is shown in detail, the other being suggested in outline forni.

n the drawings, 1 is the gear casing, and- 2 the pedestal, which is here shown as an integral part of the casing. There aretwo sets of bearings, designated by the numerals 3 and #l respectively. Bearings 3 support the motor shaft 5, which extends through the stuffing box gland 6 and the packing 7 within the stuiiing box 8, and through the opening 9 in the said casing. The stuffing box gland is secured to the casing by bolts 10. The worin gear 11 is suitably fixed to the shaft 5, and so positioned as to engage the worm wheel 12 fixed on to the shaft 13, which is supported by bearings 4. At the extremities of shaft 13, and suitably attached thereto, are cranks 1st and 15.V These cranks engage the connecting rods 16 and 1,7, respectively, a-nd these are attached to their corresponding pistons 18 and 19. The cylinders 2O and 21 are equipped with suction pipe openings 22 and discharge pipe openings 23. Each piston has a suction valve 24 working against a spring 25; and each cylinder has a discharge valve 26 working against a spring 2'? abutting against the cylinder head 28.

Communicating between the suction pipe openings 22 and the interior of the casing, are balanced pressure-ports 29, each comprising a channel 30 and a one-way valve 31 conis particularly though l sist-ing. of a valve seat 32, a ball 33, and a 'spring 3a.

The casing 1 is sealed with `a cover plate 35u pon which are mounted the said cylinders, which are secured thereto by boits 36.

rlhe motor, situated outside of the said apparatus, motivates the shaft 5, which in turn actuates the reciprocating pistons 18 and 19, through the medium of the reduction gears 11 and 12,'the shaft 13, the cranks 14 and 15, and the connecting rods 16 and 17.

On the downward or suction stroke of the piston, the working liuid enters through suction openings 22 and through the opensuction valve 2a, and into the cylinder above the piston. On the upward or compression stroke, the-valve 24 closes, and the discharge yvalve 26 opens, thus'forcing the fluid out through the discharge opening 23.

In apparatus of this type, it is generally required to effect a reduction of the motor speed to that required for the practical operation of the compressor piston. This is frequently accomplished with bevel gears, but in such a construction, the axis of the driving gear intersects with the axisof the driven gear, so that duplexoperation is im practicable, especially where the apparatus musty be compact, as in household refrigerating machines. in my invention, however', the common axis of the bearings 3 is at an angle to and does not intersect with the common axis of the bearings 4; so that shaft 13 can be extended to operate any number of cylinders; the desired reduction in speed being effected by the worm gearing system above described. f

Buplex operation and the required speed reduction can be accomplished by the use of a train of spur gears and pinions; but suoli an arrangement would of necessity require a deeper gear case, and hence a more space-consuming apparatus than with an arrangement of bearings and worm gears such as is embodied in my invention.

In this apparatus, the gear case is partially filled with oil, for lubricating purposes. Because of the pressure diEerentia-l existing between the gear casing and the cylinder, some of the oil inthe gear casing is frequently drawn up into the cylinder by the piston. To eliminate this occurrence, the suction pipe openings 22 are connected to the interior kof the gear casing by comy municating channels 29, which remove said pressure differential and serve to create a balanced pressure, thus preventing the oil from being drawn up into the cylinder by the piston.

In a design ot piston having two sets of piston rings, such as are shown in Fig. l, the lower portion ot' the piston is generally lubricated by the splash system, andthe upper portion by means oi an independent lubrication system, such as oil cups positioned on the outside of the cylinder. In this invention,however, the communicating port 29 serves the additional purpose ot allowing suiiicient oil to be drawn up through the valve 3l to lubricate the said upper portion of the piston. This is rende-red feasible by the arrangement ot ball valve 3l, the straight channel 30 without any pockets or traps, and the reduced central portion of the piston.

In retrigerating machines of the aircooled, low-pressure type, fluids are often used that 'have a deteriorating effect on the insulation ot' au electric motor. For this reason it is desirable in such cases to keep the motor removed from such fluids. In this invention, the motor is positioned outside ot the gear casing, so that said tluids cannot possibly reach it; and at the same time making possible ready access to said motor.

lfylhat I claim is:

l. In a compressor apparatus, the combination ot a compressor cylinder and a gear casing, said cylinder being suitably attached to and opening into said easing; said cylinder containing suitably situated suction and discharge pipe openings, and communicating channels contained within and vforming an integral part of the said ings.

cylinder wall, and positioned between said suction pipe openings and the interior of said casing, each ot' said channels containing a one-way valve, whereby the iuid is permitted to flow from said casing towards said suction pipe openings. n

2. A compressor apparatus comprising an enclosed, hollow, gear casing; a stuffing box positioned on the outer surface of said casing; a motor shaft extendingthrough said stutling box and into said casing; a cylinder suitably attached and opening into said casing; said cylinder containing suitably situated suction and discharge pipe openings; a piston with a central portion of reduced cross-sectional area., the upper edge ot said piston on the down stroke thereot remaining above the upper edge of said suction pipe opening; and communicating channels conta-ined within and forming an integral part of the said cylinder wall, and positioned between said suction pipe openings and the interior o'tl said casing, each ot' :said channels containing a one-way valve, whereby the tluid is permitted tov flow from said casing towards said suction pipe open- 3. ln a compressor apparatus a compressor cylinder suitably mounted upon and open` ing into a crank case, said cylinder containing within its wall a suitably situated suction pipe opening, anda laterally enclosed open-ended duct communicating between said suction pipe opening and said crank case, said duct being in part of enlarged crosssectiona'l area` and containing within said enlarged portion a one-way valve whereby fluid is permitted to flow from the said casing towards said suction pipe openings. In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

VILLIAM VILSON. 

